Why was Nichinto Effective, Although Rikkunshito and Shohangekabukuryoto were Ineffective?

Effective and ineffective digital watermarks

We have entered an era where inexpensive and readilyavailable equipment can produce perfect copies of digital multimedia materials, such as CD-quality audio, publication-quality images, or digital video. In this environment, it has become easier for malicious parties to make salable copies of copyrighted content without compensation to the content owner. Many media content owners are concerned ...

Why was Relativity Accepted?

Historians of science have published many studies of the reception of Einstein’s special and general theories of relativity. Based on a review of these studies, and my own research on the role of the light-bending prediction in the reception of general relativity, I discuss the role of three kinds of reasons for accepting relativity: (1) empirical predictions and explanations; (2) social-psycho...

Aromatherapy: ineffective treatment or effective placebo?

It Was Easy, when Apples and Blackberries Were only Fruits

Ambiguities in company names are omnipresent. This is not accidental, companies deliberately chose ambiguous brand names, as part of their marketing and branding strategy. This procedure leads to new challenges, when it comes to finding information about the company on the Web. This paper is concerned with the task of classifying Twitter messages, whether they are related to a given company: fo...

Why was 10% procaine used?

To the Editor:—We read with interest the article by Johnson and Swanson on procaine neurotoxicity, and are interested in why they decided to use undiluted 10% procaine instead of 5% procaine prepared with 10% procaine and equal volumes of either 10% glucose or cerebral spinal fluid. When the first report of transient radicular irritation with spinal anesthesia using 5% lidocaine appeared, our d...